20% Liquid Nitrobenzene is an organic compound with the chemical formula C6H5NO2. It is a pale yellow, oily liquid with an odor similar to that of almonds.
Here are some key points about nitrobenzene:
1. Chemical Structure:
Nitrobenzene consists of a benzene ring (a six-carbon aromatic ring) with a nitro group (-NO2) attached. The nitro group is responsible for its distinctive chemical properties.
2. Physical Properties:
a. State at Room Temperature: Nitrobenzene is a liquid at room temperature.
b. Odor: It has a sweet, almond-like odor.
c. Color: It is pale yellow in color.
3. Production:
Nitrobenzene is produced industrially by nitration of benzene using a mixture of nitric acid and sulfuric acid. The reaction involves replacing one of the hydrogen atoms on the benzene ring with a nitro group.
4. Uses:
a. Aniline Production: The primary use of nitrobenzene is as a precursor in the production of aniline. Aniline is an important chemical intermediate used in the synthesis of dyes, pharmaceuticals, and rubber chemicals.
b. Solvent: Nitrobenzene can be used as a solvent for various purposes, although its use as a solvent has decreased due to its toxicity.
5. Toxicity:
Nitrobenzene is toxic, and exposure to high concentrations can be harmful. It is absorbed through the skin and can cause systemic poisoning. Due to its toxicity, alternatives are often preferred in applications where human exposure is a concern.